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Key theory 2- narratology- Tzvetan todorov

Narrative.

Narrative- A spoken or written account of connected events; a story.

Tzvetan's theory is that within narrative, the power is in a state of equilibrium (balance) as the story progresses the state of equilibrium can change and develop. Each narrative should start with an initial equilibrium. however, the equilibrium is changed after a disruption, resulting in disequilibrium. The old equilibrium is broken, and therefore a new one must begin. this will repeat during the narrative until we reach a final equilibrium.

Linear narrative- A narrative that follows a line from beginning to end.

Non-linear narrative- A narrative that doesn't follow a line from the beginning to the end (It goes back and forth non chronologically.)


John Lewis Christmas advert. 

How is meaning created through the narrative?
the advert creates meaning through the narrative by showing intimate moments between the boy and his penguin, making the audience feel a part of their lives as the seasons change and we ee their relationship develop.   

Can you apply Todorov's narrative theory to equilibrium?
the avert starts with the boy and his penguin having fun and playing with each other. the equilibrium then changes as we see the penguin becoming distracted by all the couples he can see around him. the boy realises this and changes the equilibrium for a second time when he introduces his penguin to another one, giving him a friend. at the end of the advertisement, the equilibrium shifts again when the audience is shown that the boy does not have two real penguins but two toy ones.

In the narrative linear or non- linear? Why?
The advert for John Lewis uses a linear narrative and shows the relationship between the boy and his penguin over the four seasons. 

Are there any intertextual references?
Some of the intertextual references in this advertisement include the popular children's tv show called, Pingu and a well known children's toy, lego. 

The guardian.

How is meaning created through the narrative?
the advertisement creates meaning through the narrative by showing the viewer that if they buy the newspaper they will be able to see all angles and views on each topic, such as a person being arrested. this makes the viewer trust that the guardian will provide them with a lot of information in order for the reader to for their own opinion on the topic.  

Can you apply Todorov's narrative theory to equilibrium?
the advert starts with an equilibrium but quickly changes as the disturbance of the police breaking into the pig's house shifts the narrative and causes drama. the advertisement quickly shifts again and shows people giving their opinion on the arrest of the pig. towards the end of the advert we see another change when the three pigs are in court and being sentenced. finally we see the opinion's of the public and the riots that the pig's arrest caused.

In the narrative linear or non- linear? Why?
the avert for the guardian uses a linear narrative because it shows what happened from the police breaking in to the pigs house, to them being arrested and then shows the court case and riots it caused.  

Are there any intertextual references?
The newspaper is using references to the three little pigs to be relatable to the audience and show them something that they will easily recognise and remember from childhood. The guardian uses the story of the three little pigs in order to take a lighthearted view on a serious subject.  

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